2023九年级英语下册Eatingtogether语法突破写作指导新版外研版.pptVIP

语法突破　写作指导 被动语态 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1.构成规则 时态 结构 一般现在时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 一般过去时 was/were+动词的过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will/be going to + be+动词的过去分词 现在完成时 has/have + been+动词的过去分词 含有情态动词 的被动语态 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 2.被动语态与主动语态相互转换的注意事项 (1)分清动作的执行者和承受者,即分清主动语态和被动语态。如果为被动语态,按照不同时态的被动语态规则进行变化。例如: We heard a strange noise yesterday evening.(主动语态) A strange noise was heard(by us) yesterday evening.(被动语态,hear为及物动词) (2)通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但一些不及物动词加上介词或副词构成动词短语后也可有被动语态,此时该动词短语不可分割,不能丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We should speak to old people politely.(主动语态) Old people should be spoken to politely by us.(被动语态) (3)主动语态中使役动词make,let,have等和感官动词see,feel,hear等后常接不带to的不定式,但在被动语态中,常将to还原。例如: The boss made the children work over twelve hours every day in the past.(主动语态) The children were made to work over twelve hours every day (by the boss) in the past.(被动语态) (4)带双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时,可将其中的一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不变。一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,则在间接宾语前加介词for或者to。例如: My parents gave me a bike on my fifteenth birthday.(主动语态) I was given a bike by my parents on my fifteenth birthday.(被动语态,间接宾语作主语) A bike was given to me by my parents on my fifteenth birthday.(被动语态,直接宾语作主语) Ⅰ.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1.English 　 　 (speak) by many people.? 2.Many people 　 　 (kill) in the accident yesterday.? 3.A new school 　 　(build) here next year.? 4.When 　 　 the first man-made satellite 　 　 (send) up into space?? 5.Last year vegetables 　 　 (grow) in the garden by Tom and he 　 　 (sell) them himself.? is spoken were killed will be built was sent were grown sold Ⅱ.单项选择 ( )6.—Your classroom looks so clean and tidy. —Yes, it 　　　 every day.(2019辽阳)? A.cleans B.is cleaned C.cleaned D.was cleaned ( )7.Have you heard the 2022 Winter Olympics 　　　 in Beijing?(2019镇江)? A.held B.are held C.were held D.will be held B D ( )8.—Why did you leave that position? —I 　　　 a better position in another factor