完整上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结.docx

上海牛津小学英语语法知识总结 一般现在时 1、定义：表示经常发生或习惯性的动作、状态。句中通常有 usually，often，every day，sometimes， always，at weekends，on Sundays 等表示经常性时间的短语。 2、构成： 当谓语是 be 动词时，一般现在时的构成：主语＋be 动词＋其他如：I am a student. He is Jim's father. They are from Japan. 当谓语是行为动词时，一般现在时的构成： ①主语（非第三人称单数）＋动词原形＋其他如：I often watch TV at the weekends. Mr Green and Mrs Green like collecting stamps. ②主语（第三人称单数）＋动词的第三人称单数形式＋其他 如：Jim usually visits his grandparents on Sundays. She sometimes goes to the park with her mother. 3、动词三单形式的变化规则：① 一般情况下，直接加 s 如：read-reads， 3、动词三单形式的变化规则： ② 以 s，x，sh，ch，o 结尾，加 es 如：wash-washes，watch-watches，do-does ③ 以辅音字母＋y 结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 es 如：study-studies，fly-flies ④ 不规则变化 如：have-has 4、一般现在时的句型转换： 肯定句watchThey TV every day. 否定句 They don't watch TV every day. 一般疑问句及回答 —Do they watch TV every day? — Yes, they do. / No, they don't. She watches TV She watches TV every day. She doesn't watch TV every day. — Does she watch TV every day? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 现在进行时 1、定义：表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。句中常有 now，look，listen 等词。如：I am washing clothes now. Look! Liu Tao is climbing the tree. Listen! Jane is singing in the music room. 2、构成：be 动词（am/is/are）+ 动词现在分词（V-ing） 3、动词现在分词构成： 3、动词现在分词构成： 如：read-reading，drink-drinking，eat-eating，look-looking 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e②，再加 ing 如：write-writing，make-making，ride-riding，take-taking ③ 以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写这个字母，再加 ing 如：sit-sitting，swim-swimming，put-putting，run-running，stop-stopping，get-getting， begin-beginning，jog-jogging，forget-forgetting 4、动名词其实就是动词的现在分词，它既有名词性质（可作主语），又有动词性质（可带宾语）。 如：Asking the way My hobby is collecting stamps. He is good at skating. 5、现在进行时的句型转换： 肯定句 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答 He is running now. He isn't running now. —Is he running now? —Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. They They are making a puppet. They aren't making a puppet. — Are they making a puppet? . . / No, they aren't—Yes, they are 一般过去时 1、定义：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如： a moment ago，just now，yesterday，last week，this morning 等。 如：My brother often went to school by bike last term.