结晶学与矿物学常用术语之英汉对照.pdf

穷则独善其身，达则兼善天下。——《孟子》 ◎ Massive 块状 ◎ Botryoidal 葡萄状 ◎ Reniform 肾状 ◎ Oolitic 鲕状 ◎ Pisolitic 豆状 ◎ Stalactitic 钟乳状 ◎ Crusty 皮壳状 ◎ Nodular 结核状 ◎ Dendritic 树枝状 ◎ Banded 条带状 ☆ Isometric System 等轴晶系(=Cubic System) ☆ Trigonal System 三方晶系 ☆ Tetragonal System 四方晶系 ☆ Hexagonal System 六方晶系 ☆ Orthorhombic System 斜方晶系(正交晶系) ☆ Monoclinic System 单斜晶系 ☆ Triclinic System 三斜晶系 1. Feldspar （长石）comprises the bulk (approximately 65% by weight) of the Earth’s crust. Feldspar has two directions of imperfect cleavage at or nearly at 90°and a hardness of about 6. 2. Quartz （石英）is another most common rock-forming mineral, accounting for ca. 15% of the Earth’s continental crust by weight. Quartz has no cleavage but a conchoidal fracture. 3. Mica （云母）(primarily the minerals muscovite and biotite) is translucent to black (felsic to mafic), with one direction of perfect cleavage, making up about 8% of the crust by weight. 4. Pyroxene （辉石）is green to black, nearly opaque, with cleavages at approximately 90°and a hardness of 5~6. About 11% of the volume of the crust is contributed by pyroxene. 5. Amphibole （角闪石）mostly occurs as dark green, long, slender crystals with 2 directions of cleavage at 56°and 124°. The most common member of the amphibole family is hornblende. 6. Olivine （橄榄石）is another ferromagnesian silicate having a very high crystallization temperature. Olivine has no cleavage planes and is olive green to black in color. Gold [^Euld] 自然金 Silver [5silvEr] 自然银 Copper [5kCpEr] 自然铜 Platinum [5plAtinEm] 自然铂