习语的来源及翻译(英汉对照).pdf

先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。——范仲淹 习语的来源 金清中学 张 奎 Summary: As one of the most important language forms, idiom has experienced a long period of history. It comes from the conclusion of human being’s experience of existence, the thinking of human nature, and the attitude towards human life. The cultural characteristics of the idioms have a closed relation to the meaningful and abundant original. There are lots of idioms reflected the different characteristics of geographical environment between China and Britain; and exist many idioms which are produced from the literal works with its own characteristics of the two countries; and the life custom, thinking conceptions etc. of the two natives have been reflected by those lively idioms. Sometimes, the similar life experience and recognization of the two natives show the similar cultural characteristics by some idioms to some extend. The cultural communication between the two countries have also brought about many meaningful idioms. But this is just the small part in the numbers. However, the other great number of idioms show the quite different language customs and cultural characteristics between the two countries. 关键词 文化背景 语言 习语 熟语 信息度 有效度 一个民族既有自己的语言，又有自己的文化。语言像一面镜子反映着民族的全部文化，又 像一个窗口揭示着该文化的一切内容。而文化又是语言赖以生存的根基。习语作为一种重要的 忍一句，息一怒，饶一着，退一步。——《增广贤文》 常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时。——《增广贤文》 语言现象，在传递文化信息及跨文化交际方面起着重要的作用。我们有必要对习语的来源做一 番探讨，以确保其传递文化信息的信息度和有效度有效度。 习语在汉语中也叫熟语，是语言中经过长时间的使用提炼出来的固定词组、短语和短句。 从语义上看，习语是一个不可分割的整体，其整体意义不能从各个组成部分的意义揣测出来； 从结构上看，习语的各个组成部分是固定的，不可任意拆开或替换。习语的范围很广，包括成 语(set phrase)、典故(allusion)、谚语(proverb)、格言(saying)、俗语(colloquialism)和俚语 (slang)。从广义上讲,习语在英汉两种语言中函概是大致