胰岛素及口服降糖药.pptx

胰岛素 口服降糖药 其他用于治疗糖尿病的药物(α糖苷酶抑制剂 胰岛素增敏剂及促胰岛素释放药物) *胰岛素* 分子量为58kD的酸性蛋白 药用胰岛素多从猪、牛胰腺中提取 杂质多 通过重组DNA技术利用大肠杆菌合成 ;胰岛素;胰岛素 口服降糖药 其他用于治疗糖尿病的药物(α糖苷酶抑制剂 胰岛素增敏及促释放药物) *胰岛素* 分子量为56kD的酸性蛋白 药用胰岛素多从猪、牛胰腺中提取 通过重组DNA技术利用大肠杆菌合成 胰岛素的发现 ;Glory Enough For All： History of Insulin Credit（荣誉）for the discovery of insulin is given to Banting and Best, who extracted（提取）the active principle (活性物质) from the pancreas and demonstrated its therapeutic (治疗的）effects in diabetic (糖尿病的) dogs and human subjects in 1921 and 1922. However, many investigators had paved the way for the discovery, including E.L. Scott, who in 1911 had extracted an active principle from the pancreas with acid ethanol（酸性乙醇). Paulesco (1921) also demonstrated the presence of a pancreatic material that was capable of producing hypoglycemia (低血糖) in animals. ;Glory Enough For All- History of Insulin Banting approached（探讨,处理）the problem with two working hypotheses（假设): (1) the islet tissue secreted insulin, and (2) previous difficulties in isolating the active principle had been due in many instances to the proteolytic(蛋白水解)destruction of insulin by the digestive enzymes of the pancreas during the course of extraction. He devised elegantly simple approaches to circumvent the difficulty. ;Glory Enough For All- History of Insulin The first patient to receive the active extracts prepared by Banting and Best was Leonard Thompson, aged 14. He appeared at the Toronto General Hospital with a blood glucose of 500 mg/dl, and he was excreting（排出）3 to 5 liters of urine per day. Despite rigid control of diet (450 kcal per day), he continued to excrete large quantities of glucose, and, without insulin, the most likely course was death after a few months. Extracts were first administered on January 11, 1922, and they induced a reduction in the concentration and excretion of blood glucose