研究生英语考试.pdfVIP

研究生英语考试 ———————————————————————————————— 作者： ———————————————————————————————— 日期： 2 2006 级硕士研究生(B 类)英语期末考试试题 (适用于 30-53 班) 时间: 150 分钟 2007.7.7 Part I: Reading Comprehension 40% Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements （引诱）which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals. Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy （等级制度）whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play. One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discu