英语自考之外语教学法.docx

英语自考之外语教学法 英语自考之外语教学法 外语教学法 General Introduction 总体简介 复习提纲 The nature of FLTM: a science which studies the process and patterns of foreign language teaching. Traditional Linguistics 传统语言学 Practical in natural: in order to understand the classic words of ancient times and to teach students. 实用性：为了读懂古代的经典，或是为了教学生，使其能够理解并欣赏这些古代的经典著作。 Give the priority to the written form and took words as their starting point. 注重书面，并且把单词作为研究的起点。 Take a prescriptive approach to discuss the rules of language. 采用***式，以便正确运用语言指定法则和标准。American Structuralism 美式结构主义语言学 1930s-1940s (Franz Boas and Wdward Sapor) 先驱：鲍阿斯和萨丕尔 The father of American Structuralism: Leonard Bloomfield. 美国结构主义语言学之父：布鲁姆菲尔德 Language acquisition in terms of behaviorist terminology. 语言学家应当描述人们实际使用的语言而不应该自己规定，应通过归纳法对材料进行分析。 Language was a habit of verbal behaviorist which consisted of a series of stimuli and responses. 语言只是一种习惯，它是由一系列的刺激与反应所组成。 The speech was the primary and writing was secondary, 研究的对象是口语。 Transformational Generative Linguistics 转换生成语言学 1957, Noam Chomsky’s book Syntactic Structures 乔姆斯基的《句法结构》 语言学家应该研究说母语者的语言能力，而不是语言表达，从而建立一套规则。演绎性的假设-验证法研究语言。 Functional Linguistics 功能语言学 Precursor Bronislaw Malinowski 先驱：马利偌夫斯基 Firth: The meaning of linguistic items depends on the context of situation. 弗尔斯：语言学的各个分支都与意义有关，而语言项目的意义又取决于语境。 Halliday: Linguistic events should be accounted for at three primary levels: substance, form and context. 韩礼德：语言想象的解释要在实体、形式和语境这三个基本的层面上进行； He thought a particular situation type consists of three dimensions: the ongoing social activity, the role relationship involved, and the symbolic or rhetorical chanced. (field, tenor and mode) 只有把语言当作社会体系内在意义的体现，语言才能得到合理的解释或描述。 Theories of Psychology and Second Language Acquisition 心理学理论与第二语言习得理论 Theories of Psychology 心理学理论 Gestalt psychology 格式塔心理学 英语自考之外语教学法 英语自考之外语教学法 Psycholoanalysis 精神分析 Sigmund Freud: the contents of the unconscious mind consist of buries memories and instinctive wishes and will influence the activities of the conscious mind