(4.1)--小儿传染病学A-2020-Acaseofhumanherpesvirus6e.pdf

International Journal of Hematology /10.1007/s12185-020-02905-x CASE REPORT A case of human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis following pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: early diagnosis and treatment matters 1,2 2 3 3 4 Atsushi Sakamoto  · Masaki Yamada  · Shin‑ichi Tsujimoto  · Tomoo Osumi  · Katsuhiro Arai  · 3 1,3 3 2 3 Daisuke Tomizawa  · Akira Ishiguro  · Kimikazu Matsumoto  · Ken‑Ichi Imadome  · Motohiro Kato Received: 29 January 2020 / Revised: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 © Japanese Society of Hematology 2020 Abstract Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is one of the life-threatening infectious complications with signifcant morbidity and mortality following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Clinically, the diagnosis of HHV-6 encephalitis can be challenging due to a lack of specifc symptoms and defnitive diagnostic tests. We report a pediatric HSCT recipient who developed late- onset HHV-6 encephalitis without typical radiographic fndings. The routine viral infection monitoring protocol contributed to the prompt diagnosis of HHV-6 encephalitis and early therapeutic intervention. The patient was treated successfully without any neurological complications attributable to HHV-6 encephalitis. HHV-6 encephalitis should remain in the diferential diagnosis as an important but treatable disease, even for several months after HSCT and even without radiographic fndings. Whenever HHV-6 encephalitis is suspected, antivirals should be initiated promptly to prevent its complications. Keywords Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation · Human herpesvirus 6 · Post-transplant encephalitis · Viral load Abbreviations Introduction H