定语从句用法.pdf

定语从句用法--第1页 一、 定语从句的有关概念 两种类别限制性和非限制性 根据从句与主句的关系是否紧密来区分，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句 和非限制性定语从句两大类。 两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。 先行词指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名 词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句 前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。 关系代词：与先行词之间为替代关系 that, which, who, whom, whose，as 关系副词：与先行词之间为包容关系 when, where，why, ho I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。 I know the man. He lives next door. 我认识这个人，它就住在 隔壁。 She will never forget the day when she got married. She will never forget the day. On that day she got married. He showed me the article that he had written. She was not in the train which arrived just now. Sunday is the day when very few people go to work. That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 定语从句用法--第1页 定语从句用法--第2页 Give me one reason why we should help you. 二、引导定语从句的主要关系代词 1. that 的用法 that 是所有关系代词中最常用的，它既可指人也可指物，既可 用作主语也可用作宾语。先行词为人物混合时，只能用 that 不能 用 who, whom 或 which. 如： This is the photo (that) I took. They live in a house that was built 200 years ago. The man that I saw told me to come here. Here are the cars and drivers that you have been looking for. 2. who / whom 的用法 关系代词 who 和 whom 均只能指人，不能指物；从理论上说，who 是主格，在定语从句中用作主语；whom 是宾格，在定语从句中用作 宾语。但在实际运用中，除非是直接用作介词后作宾语，否则凡是 用宾格 whom 的地方都可以用who 代替 I met someone who said he knew you. She is the girl (who, whom) you saw in school. The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 3. which 的用法 只能指物，作宾语时可以省略。省略情况与who 和 whom 一样 定语从句用法--第2页 定语从句用法--第3页 Is this the shop which sells children’s clothing The factory