传染病学英文版课件：Ebola Facts.ppt

Ebola Facts Symptoms of EbolaInitial symptoms are nonspecific - may include fever, chills, myalgias, and malaise.Patients can progress to develop gastrointestinal symptoms:severe watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal painOther symptoms: chest pain, shortness of breath, headache or confusion, conjunctival injection, hiccups, seizures, and cerebral edemaBleeding not universally present but can manifest later as petechiae, ecchymosis/ bruising, or oozing. Frank hemorrhage less common.Some develop diffuse erythematous maculopapular rash that can desquamate. Most common symptoms reported during current outbreak: fever (87%)fatigue (76%)vomiting (68%)diarrhea (66%)loss of appetite (65%)Patients with fatal disease develop more severe clinical signs early during infection and die between days 6 - 16 of complications (mean of 7.5 days).In non-fatal cases, patients may have fever for several days and improve, around day 6. The case fatality proportion in West Africa is about 71% Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. /vhf/ebola/hcp/clinician-information-us-healthcare-settings.html Accessed Oct. 14, 2014 Diagnosis of EbolaTimeline of InfectionDiagnostic tests availableWithin a few days after symptoms beginAntigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testingIgM ELISAPolymerase chain reaction (PCR)Virus isolationLater in disease course or after recoveryIgM and IgG antibodiesRetrospectively in deceased patientsImmunohistochemistry testingPCRVirus isolationDiagnosing Ebola can be difficult at first since early symptoms, such as fever, are nonspecific to Ebola infection. However, if a person has the early symptoms and has had contact with Ebola they should be isolated and public health professionals notified. Samples from the patient can then be collected and tested to confirm infection.Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention /vhf/ebola/diagnosis/index.html Accessed Oct. 14, 2014 Source: /vhf/ebola/pdf/checklist-patients-evaluated