新编英汉翻译教程.pptVIP

An Introduction to Translating from English to Chinese An Introduction to Translating from English to Chinese 教学目的：旨在让学生了解什么是翻译，掌握翻译的类别、标准、过程；同时了解部分中西代表译论。 教学内容： What is translation? Scope of Translation History of Translation Criteria of Translation Process of Translation What is translation?(The Definition of Translation) The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。 （1）In the narrow sense: Translation means to express the meaning of a certain text of a language using another language, e.g.: English-Chinese Translation Chinese-English Translation （2）In the broad sense Translation can also mean those kinds of translation between a dialect and the common language of a country, between one dialect and another dialect, between the old form and the modern form of a language. It also includes the transformation between signs or numbers and a language. E.g.: translation between archaic Chinese and modern Chinese The definition is: Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. To be more exact, in Nida’s Tytler’s words 美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida： Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。) 对该定义我们可以作如下理解： A, 再现原文信息，而不是保留原文的结构形式； B, 原文与译文之间是对等，而非同一关系； C, 对等是贴切，自然的； D, 意义是优先考虑的因素； E, 文体成分也很重要。 Equivalence ： Formal Equivalence: 偏重于原语的表达形式 Dynamic Equivalence: 最贴近原语信息的自然对等。 Functional Equivalence: 译文的功能于原文的功能基本一致。 Alexander Fraser Tytler: A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as stro