现代炼钢英文版教学课件完整版电子教案.ppt

全 册 课 件 延迟符 现代炼钢英文版ppt课件（完整版） 1. Historical Development of Modern Steelmaking Content 1.1 Bottom-Blown Acid or Bessemer Process 1.2 Basic Bessemer or Thomas Process 1.3 Open Hearth Process 1.4 Oxygen Steelmaking 1.5 Electric Furnace Steelmaking 1.1 Bottom-Blown Acid or Bessemer Process This process, developed independently by William Kelly of Eddyville, Kentucky and Henry Bessemer of England, involved blowing air through a bath of molten pig iron contained in a bottom-blown vessel lined with acid (siliceous) refractories. The principle of the bottom blown converter is shown schematically in Fig. 1.1. 1.2 Basic Bessemer or Thomas Process The bottom blown basic pneumatic process, known by several names including Thomas, Thomas-Gilchrist or basic Bessemer process, was patented in 1879 by Sidney G. Thomas in England. The process, involving the use of the basic lining and a basic flux in the converter, made it possible to use the pneumatic method for refining pig irons smelted from the high phosphorus ores common to many sections of Europe. The process (never adopted in the United States) developed much more rapidly in Europe than in Great Britain and, in 1890, European production was over 1.8 million metric tons (2 million net tons) as compared with 0.36 million metric tons (400,000 net tons) made inGreat Britain. 1.2 Basic Bessemer or Thomas Process The simultaneous development of the basic open hearth process resulted in a decline of production of steel by the bottom blown basic pneumatic process in Europe and, by 1904, production of basic open hearth steel there exceeded that of basic pneumatic steel. From 1910 on, the bottom blown basic pneumatic process declined more or less continuously percentage-wise except for the period covering World War II, after which the decline resumed. 1.3 Open Hearth Process 1.4 Oxygen Steelmaking Blowing with oxygen was investigated by R. Durrer and C. V. Schwarz in Germany and by Durrer and Hellbrugge in Switzerland. Botto