X中西成语谚语文化内涵比较.pptx

X. 汉英成语语义表达及文化内涵对比;汉英成语在修辞手法、语义特征以及文化内涵上也有较大差异： 汉语成语除一小部分是语义完整的以外，大部分语义是不完整的； 英语基本上都不完整。 汉英成语很多时候平铺直叙，语义直白，不采用任何修辞手法；但是有些时候采用明喻、暗喻、借喻、提喻以及比拟、拟人等修辞手法，语义相对隐晦含蓄，蕴含较为丰富的文化内涵。 ;汉语与英语成语就语义特征和文化内涵进行比较时，有四种情况值得注意： 一）相同或相似的喻指却采用不同的喻体；二）相同或相似的喻体却表达不同的喻指；三）修辞缺位现象； 四）是汉语和英语在表达同一个喻指即寓意时并不一定都采用同一种修辞手段或表达方式：有时汉语采用明喻，与之对应的英语却用的暗喻或直述等等。 vehicle 喻体 reference / referent 喻指;(1)喻体和喻指(即字面和寓意)相同或相似;命悬一线 hang by a hair／thread 火上浇油 add fuel to the fire／flames 浑水摸鱼 fish in troubled waters (使)毛发倒竖／毛骨悚然 make sb.’s hair stand on the end 以眼还眼，以牙还牙 an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth;(2)喻体只有部分相同而喻指相同或相似： ;(3)喻体不同、喻指相同或相似： ;鸦雀无声／守口如瓶 as still／silent as a grave 冰清玉洁 as clean／pure as the driven snow 猫哭老鼠 shed crocodile tears 胆小如鼠 as timid as a rabbit 画蛇添足 gild the lily 水中捞月 fish in the air 如履薄冰 tread／walk upon eggs 鸠占鹊巢 be a dog in the manger 一箭之遥 a stone’s throw 一箭双雕 kill two birds with one stone 缘木求鱼 get blood from／out of a stone;【English idioms include: colloquialism, catch phrases, slang expressions, set phrases (phrasal verbs), proverbs 】 山穷水尽／黔驴技穷 be at the end of one’s rope 落井下石 twist／turn the knife in the wound 进退维谷 between the devil and the deep blue sea 班门弄斧 teach one’s grand mother how to suck eggs;(4)喻体相同或相似，喻指不同; (5)喻体和喻指都不相对应(修辞缺位);汉语：归心似箭 (only too eager to go back home) 结草衔环 (be deeply grateful to sb．for his kindness and seek every way to repay his kindness) 并蒂莲花 (a devoted married couple) 抛砖引玉 (offer a few commonplace remarks so that others can come up with valuable opinions) 琴心剑胆 (having tender feelings，a strong sense of justice and desire to help the weak);英语：as fit as a fiddle／as fit as a butcher’s dog(神采奕奕，非常健康) as good as gold (表现很乖) a mare’s nest (看似有趣但毫无价值的发现)