句子成分及句子结构[课件.pptVIP

一 . 句子成分 二 . 英语根本句型 句子包括哪些成分？ 英语的根本成分有七种：主语〔 subject 〕、谓 语〔 predicate 〕、表语〔 predicative 〕、宾语 〔 object 〕、定语〔 attribute 〕、状语 ( adverbial ) 和补语〔 complement 〕。 英语句子的根本结构可以归纳成五种根本句型及 其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种根本句型， 是掌握各种英语句子结构的根底。 ? １． 主语： 主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的 局部．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从 句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： ? 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由 简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： ? 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词， 形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词， 短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 状态： seem, appear, prove --- 感官： smell, feel, taste, sound, look --- 变化： become, get, turn, go, come, grow --- 持续： remain, stay, keep, continue --- 其 它 系动词 宾语 ? 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短 语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动 词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy. 宾语补足语 ? 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思， 还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意 思． 它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现 在分词和过去分词充当． ? If you let me go, Ill make you king . ? Leave the door open. ? We found John out when we arrived. ? Make yourself at home. ? I saw him enter the hall. ? The boss keeps them working all day. ? I heard my name called. ? 状语 ? 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发 生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词， 介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当， 也可由从句来充当． He did it carefully. Without his help , we couldnt work it out. In order to must study hard. catch up with my classmates, I I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi . He is writing with a pen . 定语 ? 定语用来修饰名词或代词．形容词，代词，数 词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词， 从句都可以充当定语． ? The black bike is mine. ? Whats your name? A broken vase. ? I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. ? They made paper flowers. ? The boy in the room is Jack. ? I have something to do. ? It is a swimming pool. 一 ) 挑出以下句中的宾语 ① My brother hasnt done his homework. ②