[实用参考]Reinicke Mechanics and Hydraulics of Shales(页岩机械和水力特性).ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * This slide shows a direct comparison of permeability reduction of an intact Flechtingen sandstone and a rock-proppant system with ISP. The intact rock has a poroelastic permeability reduction of about 15% within the applied loading range. In contrast, the permeability function of the RPS has a steeper slope in the beginning and reduction ends up with 25%. During unloading almost no permeablity recovery is observed. Hence, the permeability is residually reduced. * * * * * * * * * Mechanical and Hydraulic Properties of Shales OUTLINE key factors for economic production geomechanical characterization hydraulical characterization hydraulical-mechanical coupled processes conclusions Evolution of Stimulation Concepts Three Concepts Gel Proppant Fracturing Water Fracturing Hydrid Fracturing multiplanar fracture growth in shale gas reservoir stimulation activation of a perpendicular oriented natural fractures importance for large underground footprint Reduction of water usage and formation damage rock brittleness influences fracture propagation conventional reservoir real fracture with off-branches shale gas reservoir complex fracture network Fracture Growth in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs Mineralogy clay rocks are very heteroginous – an understanding of the variations is important for an effective completion best productivity in the Barnett is archieved from zone with about 45% quartz and only 27% clay Geomechanics the ?“brittlenes“ of the shale rock controls the fracability. understanding creep in shales give insights to fracture healing and formation damage processes Hydraulics a sufficient porosity and permeability is neccesarry to guerantee economic production from shales Key Factors for Economic Production from Gas Shales Geomechanical Characterisation Brittle and Ductile Behaviour of Rocks Grieser and Bray., 2007, SPE brittle shale frac geometry ductile shale frac geometry Triaxial Testing: Influenc