几种动词不定式主动表被动的情况.pdf

几种动词不定式主动表被动的情况 一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。 1）have （give, show）sth. to d 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构 成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this aftern n. to d 与things 是动宾关系, 与I 是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被 动式。试比较: Have you anything to do this aftern n? （to d 是由you 发出的） Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 如: Please get me something to read. Hell show you the right path to take. 2）It （This, That）＋be＋a ／an＋adj. ＋ n. ＋to d 在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定 式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答 的问题。 question 与to answer 为动宾关系。to answer 可改为 for me to answer。再 如: It is an easy sentence to translate. 3）There ＋be ＋n. ＋to d 在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重 点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如: 没有时间可以耽误。可译成: There is n time t lose （t be lost）. 用 t lose 可看成for us t lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time 不明确。 但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同: a. There is nothing to do now. （＝We have nothing to do now. ） b. There is nothing to be done. （＝We can do nothing now. a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing ）。 b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all ） 二、在某些“形容词＋不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构 成动宾关系。其句型有: 1）n. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do The question was very difficult to answer. The job is very easy to do. 2）n. ＋be＋too＋adj. ＋to do The thing is too small to see. I was too excited to say a word. 3）n. ＋be ＋adj. ＋enough to do The box is light enough to carry. The book is cheap enough to buy. 但下列两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式: This plant is fit to eat ／to be eaten. The cake is ready to eat ／to be eaten. 三、某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek （寻找）用主动式表 被动意义。 例如: The house is to let. Who is to blame for it? The reason is not far to seek.