译林版英语五年级上册期中语法知识复习.docVIP

5A 1-4单元语法知识点 Unit1 1.There be句型表示“某处有某物”，be动词用is还是用are遵循下面的原则: be动词后面如果跟的是单数名词或不可数名词，就用is; There is a pencil case in the schoolbag. There is some soup/milk/tea/coffee/juice/water/chocolate. be动词后面如果跟的是可数名词的复数，就用are. There are some desks in the classroom. be动词后面如果跟的是不止一种物品，就根据离它最近的物品选用is或are.(就近原则) There are some pictures and a telephone. There is a telephone and some pictures. 2.There be句型的否定形式:在be动词的后面加not(is not可以缩写为isnt，are not可以缩写为arent)把 some改成any。 例:There is a pencil in the pencil-box.(改为否定句) There isnt a pencil in the pencil-box. There are some crayons on the desk.(改为否定句) There arent any crayons on the desk. “some”和“any”都有“一些”的意思.“some”一般用于肯定句，“any”用于否定句和一般疑问句。但在一些表示委婉请求，想得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中，也用“some”. 例:1).There are some watermelons in the basket.(肯定句) 2).There arent any birds in the tree.(否定句) 3).Are there any toy trains on the table?(疑问句) 4).Would you like some tea?(表委婉请求) 4.can在否定句中的用法:表示某人不能做某事时，通常在can后面加否定词not,注意not一般与can连写，也可缩写成can’t.后面加动词原形。 Bobby cannot(can’t) see any cakes in the fridge. Unit2 1.There be句型的一般疑问句: 将be动词提前到there之前,首字母大写，句末用问号即可。其肯定答语为“yes,there is/are.”;否定答语为“No,there isn’t/aren’t.”。在疑问句中，要将some改为any。 1)There is a house near the park.(改为一般疑问句，并肯定回答) Is there a house near the park?Yes,there is. 2)There are some desks and chairs in the classroom. (改为一般疑问句，并否定回答) Are there any desks and chairs in the classroom? No,there arent. 2.特殊疑问句及答语 (1)提问主语为可数名词的数量时，用“how many”,句型结 构为: ‘How many+复数名词+are there+其他,’(无论主语是单数 还是复数) There is a football under the desk.(对划线部分提问) How many footballs are there under the desk? “How many+可数名词复数+are there?”本句型为there be句型的特殊疑问句形式，表示“在某处某物的数量有多少,”。 回答时要给出具体的回答。 How many days are there in a month?There are thirty. (2)提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时，句型一律用 “What is+地点介词短语,”(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is) 例:There are some bananas on the tree. What’s on the tree? 3.序数词:表示先后顺序或等级的词。first(第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)，序数词用在句中时，要在其前面加上定冠词the. 4.on the...floor意为“在几楼”用介词“on” 5 It is time for+名词=It is time to+动词;是该做某事的时候了。 It i