重载运输发展历史及趋势分析 电气化铁道技术专业毕业论文.pdf

摘 要 重载运输是除高速以外，铁路现代化的又一个标志。自20世纪60年代以来， 发展铁路重载运输得到世界上越来越多国家的重视。长期以来，铁路运输以其速 度快、运量大、安全方便、耗能低等优点在我国交通运输中占据着十分重要的地 位。但是，多方面的原因导致我国运能与运量之间的矛盾异常突出。发展重载运 输，大幅度提高列车的运载量是解决我国日益激化的铁路货运矛盾的重要途径和 根本对策。然而，由于列车重量增加，长度增加，车辆轴重增大，列车运行中的 牵引力及制动力加大，制动波传递时间加长，而且列车所占的线路纵横断面比较 复杂，因此，重载列车的受力情况远比一般列车复杂。列车的冲动、断钩、脱钩、 脱轨，以至货物及车辆设备损坏增多、线路变形及养护维修工作量增大、轮轨磨 耗加剧等，已成为重载铁路运输中的突出问题。 本文研究了国内外重载铁路技术的特点，各国通过不断提高车辆轴重和不断 降低车辆自重系数等途径，从车辆上提高重载运输的可行 ，保证重载运输的可 靠 ，通过大轴重、低自重的转向架，保证了铁路运输的高速重载，实现了铁路 重载运输。 关键词：重载运输；轴重；列车；转向架 6 ABSTRACT In addition to high-sp d transport is overloaded, another landmark railway modernization. Sinc th 1960s, th development of railway freight transport ar valued mor andmor countries inth world. For alongtime, rail transport with its sp d,larg volume, convenientandsafe,andlowenergyconsumptionandoccupies avery importantposition in Chinas transportation. However,many ofth causes of Chinas transport capacity and traffic conflicts betw n th prominent exception. Development ofheavy transport, carrying capacity greatly improv rail freighttrains to solv th contradiction of increasing intensification of th important ways and fundamental countermeasures. However, du to th increased weight of th train, increasingth lengthofth vehicl axl loadincreases,th trainsrunningtoincreas traction andbraking,braking wav passing oftim longer,andth train lin running across th cross-section occupied by relatively complex, heavy haul train stress situationthanth generaltrain complex.Trainofimpulses,offth hook, decoupling, derailment,aswell asanincreas incargoandvehicl damage,deformationandlin maintenanc and repair workload increases, th wh l-rail wear exacerbat other heavyhaulrailwaytransporthasbecom th outstandingissues. This paper studies th characteristics of domestic and heavy rail technology, countries continuously improv vehicl axl and contin