完整word版大学英语写作教程重点.doc

1.段落解释： A paragraph is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has:① unity — each sentence relates to a main idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topic sentence;② coherence — the sentences are tied each other and to the main idea,they flow smoothly; ③completeness — it explores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations 3.第一个写作常识 An effective paragraph has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness. 4.怎样做到内容一致 An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish 5.标题句 The topic sentence 作用① the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence; ② the topic sentence is an emphatically placed,explicit statement of the central idea in a paragraph 6.第二个写作常识 怎样写好标题句 In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic sentence that is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the paragraph. 7.Coherence : 连贯 coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer ’ s train of thought step by step 8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected— that lack coherence.We can establish better coherenc