非谓语动词作定语语法讲义合集.doc

/html/2018/1125/6000022143001232.shtm .精品. /html/2019/0214/5230314210002011.shtm 非谓语动词作定语语法讲义 如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语： 1.看横线所在的位置 具体方法如下： 如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。 如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 作定语时的逻辑主语： 作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。 如：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语： 和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成 如： 1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal. — Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四．作定语的具体用法： 1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done（务必牢记）. 注：having done 绝对不能作定语。 原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。 如： The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语) The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home 作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系： to do:只表示动作还没发生，不强调和逻辑主语的主被动关系。 如: I have a lot of things to do. The years to follow will be very hard. to be done: 和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作还没发生。 如：The meeting to be held tomorrow will be very important. doing (及物动词)：和逻辑主语是主动关系 如：He received a letter saying his mother would come to see him soon. being done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作正在进行 如：The meeting being held now is very important. done(及物动词)：和逻辑主语既是被动的，又表示动作已经完成。 注：Things lost will never come again. We finished the work in less than half the time allowed. 注：不及物动词的现在分词作定语：表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语：只表示动作的