独立主格结构及精选习题.docx

独立主格结构 （一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必 须与句子的主语一致。 但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语， 这 种结构称为独立主格结构。 （二）构成： 名词（代词） + 不定式、现在分词或过去分词 Weather permitting,  well go sightseeing. = If weather permits, ...  作条件状语 天气允许的话，我们要去观光。 Homework finished, the boy went out to play football. =When homework was finished,... 作时间状语 作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。 The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight. 明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。 名词（代词） +（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语） It (being) Sunday,  we went climbing. = As it was Sunday, ...  作原因状语 由于是星期天，我们去爬山。 Tod looked at the million-pound note, open.  his eyes (being) wide 托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。 Summer vacations (being) over, students returned to school. 暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。 with + 名词（代词） +宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。此句型又称 with 复合结构。 a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning . 他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。 b. She had to walk home with he bike stolen . 因为自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。 c. I cant go out to play with so much homework to do . 这么多作业要做，我不能出去玩。 d. She fell asleep with the windows open . 她开着窗户睡着了。 e. The students left the classroom with the light on . 开着灯学生们离开了教室。 f. The teacher came into the room, with a book in his hand . = book in hand 老师手里拿着书走进了房间。 （三）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等 是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关 系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位 置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。 （四）独立主格结构精选习题： 1． Ford tried dividing the labor separate task. assigned be assigned  ， each worker _________ a 2．The lecture_________ ，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker begun beginning 3．With all factors_________ ， we think this program all the others in achieving the goal considered considered  may excel 4．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office  ， but our work _________ ，we declined the offer. being finished having finished not been finished not finished 5．There are various kinds of metals properties  ，each _________ its own have bus, we had to walk home. being been bus, we