文件化学专业英语.ppt

This is a case of coordinate valence, in which an unused pair of electrons from the water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. 这是配位键的一个例子，在配位键中水分子中未被使用的电子对同氢离子结合形成水合氢离子。 coordinate valence 配位键 combine with 与……结合 hydronium ion 水合氢离子 0.0 * The hydronium ion is a hydrated hydrogen ion or proton ( H+ · H2O) and, while the ionization of acids in aqueous solution depends on its formation, we shall ordinarily use the simple H+ in writing equations. Such equations are thereby simplified and easier to balance. 水合氢离子是一种含水的氢离子或质子( H+ · H2O) ，并且酸通过形成水合氢离子在水溶液中电离，在书写方程式时，我们通常写成简单的H+ 。因此，方程式被简化了，并且更容易配平。 hydronium ion = hydrated hydrogen ion 水合氢离子 Hydrate 与水化合 ；Hydrated 与水化合的，含水的 Ionization 离子化、电离 Equations 方程式 Thereby 因此 0.0 * 8. The chief characteristic of an acid is its ability to furnish hydrogen ions (protons); therefore, an acid is usually defined as a substance which may furnish protons. 0.0 * The chief characteristic of an acid is its ability to furnish hydrogen ions (protons); therefore, an acid is usually defined as a substance which may furnish protons. furnish 提供，供给 be defined as 定义为 酸的主要性质是能够提供氢离子（质子），因此，酸通常被定义为能够提供质子的物质。 0.0 * 9. Properties of Acids. In general, aqueous solutions of acids are characterized by the following properties: 1. They have a sour taste. Lemons, oranges, and other citrus fruits owe their sour taste to the presence of citric acid; the taste of sour milk is due to the presence of lactic acid. 2. They turn blue litmus paper red. Litmus is a dye which has a red color in acid solution and a blue color in basic solution; paper which has been soaked in litmus is referred to as litmus paper. Substances of this type, which enable us to determine whether a given solution is acid or basic, are called indicators. Methyl orange and phenolphthalein are other indicators frequently used by chemists. 3. They react with certain metals to produce hydrogen. Reacti