高考英语阅读理解第三讲 主旨大意题.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 4 阅读理解第三讲 主旨大意题 命题方式 主旨大意题主要考查对全文的内容或某一段的内容的归纳总结能力，是在对原文深刻理解基础上的高度概括能力，是高考中的难点之一。 常见的命题方式有： ①What is the best title for this passage? ②Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? ③Whats the main idea of the text? ④The main idea of the second paragraph is probably that________． 命题特点 一、主旨大意题正确选项的特征 1．通常不含细节信息的词。 2．通常不含绝对意义的词。 3．能概括全文或某段的全部内容；涵盖性强，精确度强，恰当的表意范围和情感色彩。 二、主旨大意题干扰项的特征 1．过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2．以偏概全，主次不分。只概括了文章一部分的内容，或以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3．移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4．主观臆测，无中生有，虽符合一般常理，选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 技法点拨 一、标题归纳题 标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。 题干中关键词常常有title for the passage，title for the text等；干扰项表现为概括不够，部分代替整体，过度概括，人为扩大范围；以事实或细节代替抽象概念的大意。 【真题例析】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ，阅读理解D) The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a