魏源论文补充.doc

题 目： 论魏源的“师夷”思想对中国近代化的影响 学 院： 历史学院 专 业： 08级历史学二班 姓 名： 郝雏凤 学 号： 280201217 完成日期： 2011-6-19 目 录 序 言··········································································································1 一、黑体四号字 ·······················································································2 1.宋体小四号字 ···················································································2 2. ···················································································页码 3. ·····································································页码 二、同上· ··················································································· 1 .··················································································· 2. ··················································································· 3.· ········································································ 参考文献 ·································································································· 序言 鸦片战争前后, 清王朝统治下的中国, 政治腐败, 经济凋敝, 内忧外患,阶级矛盾和民族矛盾日益严重。而抵抗西方侵略与学习西方先进文化就成为摆在中国人民面前的两大历史任务。当西方文化通过舰船枪炮进入中国,不仅给中国带来了震憾和侮辱,更带来了民族的危机感和忧患意识。面对这一亘古未有的历史巨变, 在思想上首先做出反应的, 是地主阶级内部的一批具有改革思想的有识之士,而魏源就是其中的典型代表。 魏源是中国近代早期开通风气的进步思想家。他学识渊博，著作宏富，既有强烈的爱国思想，又有改革内政的实践经验。面对亘古未有的历史变局，他以经世学家的敏锐眼光率先提出了向西方学习的“师夷”思想。他站在时代前列,在强调发愤与忧患之际,把对于外来侵略的反应从感情层次提高到理性层次。他对以英国为首的西方列强的侵略极端愤慨,既坚决主张抵抗侵略,又看到和承认了清政府的落后与西方资本主义列强科学技术与政治制度的先进性,开始突破“天朝”闭关自守的牢笼,明确提出向西方学习。 本文从五个方面阐述了魏源的“师夷”思想对中国近代化的作用：他提出“去人心之积患”与“筹夷情”思想,促进观念的近代化；提出“以夷攻夷”“以夷款夷”的主张,促进外交的近代化；提出“师夷之长技”的思想,促进军事的近代化；主张创办新式工业企业,萌发了发展资本主义的思想；向往西方民主制度,萌发资产阶级民主主义思想。此外, 他还十分重视人才的培养与选拔。 魏源全面阐发了向西方学习、探索制夷求强的治国思想,表达了