英语构词法讲解及相关练习.doc

2013届连江黄如论中学高三英语 英语构词法2012.10.30 PAGE PAGE 1 高中英语构词法讲解与练习 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：派生、合成、和转化。 一、派生 Derivation 前缀 前缀 含义 例词 a- 处在…… arise, aside, alone en- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslave dis- 不，否定 dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree un- 不 做相反动作 unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untie in- im- ir- il- 不，非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsible illogical, non- 不，非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop de- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻） anti- 反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascist mis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune re 重复，再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co- 共同 co-exist, co-operate, co-education ex 以前的 Ex-husband, ex-president tele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope super- 在上面，超级 supermarket, superpower, under- 在……之下 underline, underestimate, underground, inter- 相互，之间 international, interact, inter-change sub- 下，次 subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans- 过，穿过，变 transformation(变形), translate vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president semi- 半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic bi 两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的 tri 三个 triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎 mul- 多，多种 multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured kilo- 千 kilometre, kilogram 后缀 后 缀 例 词 名 词 -er farmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater -ess actress, waitress, princess, hostess -or conductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -ar beggar -ese Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese -ian musician, Egyptian, physician -ist scientist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-ant assistant -ment argument, judgment, government -ness happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness -tion dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention -ing building, wedding, painting -ship leadership, friendship, hardship -age shortage, marriage, leakage -ty