郑和英文介绍.ppt

* Nanjing University professor, Pan He, confirmed that Sanbao was a reference to prisoner-slave, “sambao nu” used in the Yuan and in early Ming the term was still used. He was 12 when captured and castrated. * Conti handed over copies of Chinese charts produced during the great voyage to Henry the Navigotor. Those charts, Menzies asserts, formed the basis for all subsequent European maps that showed lands across the Atlantic, including, inter alia, the Pizzigano map (1424), the (disputed) Vinland map (1420-1440?), the Cantino planisphere (1502), and the Waldseemüller maps (1507, 1513). Zheng He and His Voyages (1405-1433) Two views: Manzies: exploration Dreyer: “power projection” Why Zheng He? Zheng He Exhibition As a general observer: Resurgent interest in Zheng He, his voyages, and maritime trade China’s effort to rebuild its sphere of influence in SE Asia, Middle East, and Africa China’s redefinition of its foreign policy in terms of peace As an Asian scholar: The magnitude of the impact of China’s tributary system The myth of the great exploration symbolized by Zheng’s voyages The real purpose of Zheng He’s voyages: exploration or trade? Were they for “power projection” only? Why did these start and why did they end? Are the traditional educated elite to be blamed for the termination? How far did Zheng He’s fleets go? America? What did Zheng He accomplish? What was the larger meaning of his voyages? China’s Greatest Explorer? The 15th century admiral, Zheng He Menzies Views Zheng He’s voyages of exploration began in 1405 and culminated in early 1421 As Yongle emperor’s favorite eunuch, Zheng He was ordered to take Ming’s huge armadas to the unknown world beyond China On the sixth voyage (1421-22), Zheng He’s ships reached Antarctica, the Arctic, North and South America, Pacific, Australia Yongle emperor Zhu Di (r. 1042-1424) Facts: 1st-6th voyages took place during Yongle emperor’s reign: Dreyer: 1st: 1045-07 2nd: 1047-09 3rd: 1049-11 4t