自学英语系列一定要知道的语法.docx

一定要知道的语法 形容词(一)： 1. 形容词的位置： 代名形容词＋数量形容词＋性状形容词＋名词 再细分如下： 1放在冠词前的形容词(all, both, such...)＋2冠词、指示形容词、所有形容词、不定形容词(the, a, an, this, that, your, some, any...)＋3序数(first, second...)＋4基数(one, two...)＋5性质、状态(kind, fine, good...)＋6大小、长短、形状(large, small, big...)＋7新旧、温度(old, new, hot...)＋8颜色(red, blue...)＋9国籍(Chinese, English, Japanese...)＋10材料(iron, brick, stone...)＋11名词、动名词(boy, house...) 2. some和any的用法： （1）两者修饰可数单数名词，表某一个；任何一个； 修饰可数复数名词和不可数名词，表一些；有些。 〔2）一般的用法：some用于肯定句；any用于疑问句，否定句或条件句。 I am looking for some matches. Do you have any matches? I do not have any matches. 〔3）特殊的用法： (A) 在期望对方肯定的回答时，问句也用some。 Will you lend me some money? (=Please lend me some money.) (B) any表任何或任何一个时，也可用于肯定句。 Come any day you like. （4）some和any后没有名词时，当做代名词， 此外两者也可做副词。 Some of them are my students.〔代名词） Is your mother any better?（副词） 3. many和much的用法： 〔1）many修饰复数可数名词，表许多； much修饰不可数名词，表量或程度。 He has many friends, but few true ones. There hasnt been much good weather recently. （2）many a: many a和many同义，但语气比较强，并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。 Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.) 〔3〕as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as, like时, 只用so many。 These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs. They worked like so many ants. （4）as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。 He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 〔同量） I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 〔同一事情） （5）many和much之后不接名词时，作为代名词；另外much也可用副词。 Many of them were very tired. I dont eat much for lunch. 〔代名词） He is much taller than I. （副词〕 4. (a) few和(a) little的用法： (1) (a) few用在复数可数名词之前，(a) little用在不可数名词之前。 He took a few biscuits. (=several) He took few biscuits(=not many) He took a little butter. (=some) He took little butter. (=not much) (2) few可由bardly any或almost no所取代，含否定的意味。 The composition is well written; it has few (=hardly any) mistakes. Few (=Almost no) men can solve it. (3) a few相当于some, several, 含肯定的意味。 He has a few (=some or several) friends. (4) a little和little之间的差别，就和a fe