- 1、本文档共13页,可阅读全部内容。
- 2、原创力文档(book118)网站文档一经付费(服务费),不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
- 3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传,本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺!文档内容仅供研究参考,付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费,意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务;查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档,您可以点击 这里二次下载。
- 4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“版权申诉”(推荐),也可以打举报电话:400-050-0827(电话支持时间:9:00-18:30)。
- 5、该文档为VIP文档,如果想要下载,成为VIP会员后,下载免费。
- 6、成为VIP后,下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后,不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
- 7、成为VIP后,您将拥有八大权益,权益包括:VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
- 8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传,每下载1次, 网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等,对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档
查看更多
Chapter 3 International equilibrium
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Theory of reciprocal demand(相互需求理论)
= 1 \* roman i. Celebrity: By John Stuart Mill(穆勒)
= 2 \* roman ii.Definition: This theory suggests that the actual price at which trade takes place depends on the trading partners’ interacting demands.
= 3 \* roman iii. The reciprocal demand theory thus contends that the equilibrium terms of trade depends on the relative strength of each nation’s demand for the other nation’s product.
= 4 \* roman iv. If two nations of approximately the same size and with similar taste patterns participate in international trade, the gains from will be shared about equally about them. However if one nation is significantly larger than the other, the larger nation attains fewer gains from the trade. (importance of being unimportant)(小国情况下作为不重要角色的重要性)
= 2 \* ROMAN II. Terms of trade estimate
= 1 \* roman i. Definition: The commodity terms of trade(also called barter terms of trade is often used to measure the direction of trade gains) measures the relationship between the prices a nation gets for its exports and the price it pays for its imports.
= 2 \* roman ii. Estimate:
Terms of trade=export er price indexim
= 3 \* roman iii. Conclusion:
An improvement in a nation’s terms of trade requires that the prices of its exports rise relative to the prices of its imports over the given time period. Conversely, a deterioration in a nation’s terms of trade is due to a rise in its import prices relative to its export prices over a time period.(贸易条件的改善是指出口品的价格相对进口品价格上升)
= 4 \* roman iv. ·贸易条件越是接近哪个国家国内自给自足经济下的价格水平,该国从贸易中所获得的利益就越少。
·两国间贸易条件的实际均衡水平取决于两国的相对经济实力和每一国对另一国商品的需求弹性。
Immiserating growth(悲惨的经济增长或贫困化增长):发展中国家经济增长反而使得国家福利下降。这是由于贸易产品单一,一般为初级产品。
Chapter 4 Trade model extensions and application
= 1 \* ROMAN I. Factor-endowment Theory(H-O Theory)
= 1 \* roman i. Disadvantage of Ricardo Comparative Theory:
= 1 \* alphabetic a. He did not explain t
文档评论(0)