小定额灌溉对‘黄冠’.PDF

中国农学通报 2018,34(4):55-59 Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin 小定额灌溉对‘黄冠’梨生长和果实品质的影响 段鹏伟，曹晨星，程福厚 （河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院，河北邯郸056001） 摘 要：为提高梨园水分利用率和梨果实品质，2016 年3—11 月在河北工程大学现代农业示范培训基地 以4 年生‘黄冠’梨为试材进行田间试验，研究小定额灌溉对梨园土壤含水量、梨树新梢生长量、产量与 果实品质、根系分布与数量的影响。结果表明：不同小定额灌溉方式间灌溉区土壤含水量差异显著，沟 灌土壤含水量显著高于树盘畦灌和滴灌，平均质量含水量为15.33% ，其梨树的新梢生长量也为最大，达 到42.25 cm ；沟灌产量最高，单果重显著高于滴灌和树盘畦灌；沟灌果实维生素C 含量显著高于滴灌和 树盘畦灌，滴灌果实糖酸比显著大于沟灌和树盘畦灌，沟灌果实的可溶性固形物含量显著高于滴灌和树 盘畦灌；沟灌处理下，梨树吸收根的数量显著高于树盘畦灌和滴灌，分别是它们的3.6 倍和2.4 倍。综合 来看，沟灌是梨园最适宜的小定额灌溉方式。 关键词：梨；小定额；灌溉方式；产量；品质 中图分类号：S661.2 文献标志码：A 论文编号：cas EffectsofSmallQuotaIrrigationonGrowthandFruitQualityof ‘Huanguan’Pear DuanPengwei,CaoChenxing,ChengFuhou (CollegeofLandscapeandEcologicalEngineering,HebeiUniversityofEnginneerring,HandanHebei056001) Abstract:Toimprovewaterutilizationrateandpearquality,afieldexperimentwasconductedintheBaseof ModernAgricultureDemonstrationTrainingofHebeiUniversityofEngineeringfromMarchtoNovember 2016 with 4 yearsold ‘Huangguan’pear treesasthematerials. Theeffectsofsmallquotairrigationonsoilwater content,shootgrowth,yieldandfruitquality,rootnumberanddistributionwerestudied.Theresultsshowed thatthesoilmoistureofdifferentsmallquotairrigationsweredifferentsignificantly.Thesoilwatercontentof furrowirrigationwassignificantlyhigherthanthat ofborderirrigationanddripirrigation,andtheaveragesoil qualitywatercontentoffurrowwas 15.33%.Furrowirrigationhasthebiggestnewshootgrowth,whichwas 42.25 cm,andtheyieldandtheweightofsinglefruitwerethebiggestamongthethreemethods.Thefruit vitaminCcontentoffurrowirrigationwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofborderirrigationanddripirrigation. Thefruitsugar-acidratioofdripirrigationwassignificantlyhigherthanthatofborderirrigationandfurrow irrigation.Thesol