2006NobelPrizeinPhysics诺贝尔物理奖通俗演讲初见宇宙种子.PPT

Before COBE (1965-1990) Avishai Dekel, SSI2003 Accelerating !? (Dark Energy) One hundred years ago, Evolution: ? ? Static ??? Expanding ? Compositions: ? ? Universe － Cosmic Structures:?? ONE Galaxy ? ? Galaxies ? Rocky Kolb, SSI 2003 ? ? ? ? ? ? = 0.22 = 0.73 Anti-gravity Extra Gravity Energy ? or Geometry? Matter ? Particle ? or Field? QCD Interaction Dark Energy 73% Baryon 5% Nonbaryonic Dark Matter 22% The 95% of the energy in our universe is beyond our understanding !! What we understand contributes only 5% !! Known? Unknown! Great Achievement !! 20th Century ~ End of Physics !? BUT Only 5% !! * 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics 諾貝爾物理獎通俗演講 初見宇宙種子、萬物之源 於宇宙太古照片中尋找萬物起源的蛛絲馬跡 Je-An Gu (顧哲安) National Center for Theoretical Sciences (NCTS) 2006/11/28 @ CYCU * Many thanks to Prof. K-W. Ng (吳建宏) for providing many of the slides. 2006 Nobel Prize in Physics (brief report) History of 20th-Century Cosmology Modern Cosmology (basics) Story about COBE (Smoot’s view) CONTENTS Outlook (from: N) Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) ( relic photons of Hot Big Bang ) opaque transparent Last Scattering Surface a snap shot of early universe ( ) 2006 John Mather George Smoot 1978 Arno Penzias Robert Wilson Plus many other observations ATT Bell NASA NASA “泛黃” 宇宙太古照片 (edited by Prof. Ng) Diffuse InfraRed Background Experiment (DIRBE) Differential Microwave Radiometer Far InfraRed Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) launched on Nov 18, 1989 (DMR) (Cosmic Background Explorer) (edited by Prof. Ng) Fig. 6. The first FIRAS result (Mather et al. 1990). Data had been accumulated during nine minutes in the direction of the northern galactic pole. The small squares show measurements with a conservative error estimate of 1%. The unit along the vertical axis is erg (cm s