环境科学与工程专业英语课件(2)-英文科技论文结构与表达技巧.ppt

2006.5.7 Dr.Taowu Ma Jishou University Notes for Introduction: 7 When you have written the whole paper go back to the Introduction, and check that it does lead into the rest of the paper. 8 Especially: re-read the first sentence: is it still really necessary? Can you think of a better one to set the scene? Section 6: Materials and Methods After the Introduction, the second major section of the experimental research report or paper, often labeled Methods, describes the steps you followed in conducting your study and the Materials you used at each step. Methods The method section is useful to readers who want to know how the methodology of your study may have influenced your results, or who are interested in replicating or extending your study. The main part of the method section is a description of the procedural steps used in your study and the materials employed at each step. However, other elements are commonly described in this section as well. Information Elements Included In Methods - Experimental design - Population/Sample - Location - Restrictions/Limiting Conditions - Sampling Technique - Procedures - Materials - Variables - Statistical Treatment Materials Although the second major section of the experimental research report or paper is often called “Methods, it is sometimes titled “Materials and Methods”. This combined title indicates that researchers generally describe these two aspects together when they write up their research. That is, they simultaneously describe any equipment or other materials they used with each step in their procedure. The most important aspect of the ‘Materials and Methods’ is that they should be detailed in such a way that other people are able to replicate your study exactly as you did. Notes for Materials and Methods: 1 Must allow the reader to 1) understand what you did, and 2) repeat it exactly, using the same methods. 2 Explains details that may be unfamiliar (e.g. soil types source; analytical methods