《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比英文Ch6-精选（公开课件）.ppt

Chapter 6 Indexes, Scales, and Typologies Chapter Outline Introduction Indexes versus Scales Index Construction Scale Construction Typologies Index and Scale Index Constructed by accumulating scores assigned to individual attributes. Scale Constructed by assigning scores to patterns of responses, recognizing that some items reflect a weak degree of the variable while others reflect something stronger. Question In order to achieve broad coverage of various dimensions of a concept, researchers need to make____________. single observations field research observations multiple observations none of these choices Answer: C In order to achieve broad coverage of various dimensions of a concept, researchers need to make multiple observations. Index and Scale: Similarities Both are ordinal measures of variables. Both rank order units of analysis in terms of specific variables. Both are measurements based on more than one data item. Index and Scale:Scoring Differences Index Accumulate scores assigned to individual attributes. Scale Assign scores to patterns of responses. Question Which of the following are common characteristics shared by both indexes and scales? both are ordinal measures both rank-order units in terms of specific variables both are composite measures all of these choices Answer: D The following are common characteristics shared by both indexes and scales: both are ordinal measure, both rank-order units in terms of specific variables, and both are composite measures. Index-Construction Logic Below are political actions with similar degrees of activism. To create an index we might give people 1 point for each of the actions they’ve taken. Scale-Construction Logic Below are political actions with different degrees of activism. To construct a scale we might score people according to which of the ideal patterns most closely describes them. Constructing an Index Select items for a composite index. Examine empirical relationships. Assign scores for responses. Ha