introduction(绪论.ppt

Histology Chapter 1 Introduction of histology Definition of Histology A science on studying the microstructure of human body and related function, by using microscope, also called microscopic anatomy or microanatomy. Microscope includes light microscope (LM) and electron microscope (EM). Light microscope structure: observed microstructure by LM; Electron microscope structure: also called ultrastructure, observed microstructure by EM. Unit used in microscope Micrometer ( μm ) 1 μm = 0.001mm LM Nanometer ( nm ) 1 nm = 0.001 μ m EM Resolution rate (分辨率） ( measured minimum distance between two points) Light microscope: 0.2 μm Transmission electron microscope: 0.1-0.2nm Scanning electron microscope: 2.5nm Research contents of Histology Cell, Tissue, Organ, System Cell: the smallest structural functional unit. Tissue: cells ( with same or similar shape and function) ＋extracelluar matrix ( intercellular substance ) . Four types of human tissue: epithelial tissue (上皮组织） connective tissue （结缔组织） muscular tissue （肌组织） nervous tissue　 （神经组织） Organ: put together with tissues by specific ways. different organs with different sizes, shapes, structures and functions. Such as stomach, lung, kidney System: put together with several function-related or structure-continued organs and perform a continuous physiological function. Such as digestive system Why to study histology From gross structure to microstructure. Foundation of basic medical courses, such as physiology, pathology etc.. Foundation of clinical courses. Cell biology, molecular biology, biochemistry and some advanced research fields such as cell apoptosis, stem cells etc.. Research techniques methods of histology Light microscopy Electron microscopy Histochemistry Cytochem