普陀新王牌高动词不定式.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 高一英语语法知识（9） 动词不定式(The Infinitive) 一．动词不定式的形式 1构成: 由to＋动词原形构成。 2.动词不定式的时态、语态其形式如下： 语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主 动 (not)to build (not)to have built (not)to be building (not)to have been building 被 动 (not)to be build (not)to have been build (1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。 Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.（不定式作主语） It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。 There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of). (2)时态 1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.　 2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 3.疑问词＋不定式结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑问词＋不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：①When we shall leave… ② how I could learn… 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。 二．动词不定式的语法功能 1、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： ①It＋be＋名词＋to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time + to do How long did it take you to finish the work? ③It＋be＋形容词＋for sb＋to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do It is stupid o