Urban Inequality in the Age of Globalization AQuantitative Analysis文档.ppt

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Urban Inequality in the Age of Globalization AQuantitative Analysis文档.ppt

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Urban Inequality in the Age of Globalization AQuantitative Analysis文档

Family Changes and Income Inequality under Globalization:The Case of Hong Kong Stephen WK ChiuDepartment of SociologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong The Problem Increased by 10.3% The Problem Hong Kong has become one of the most unequal societies in the developed world. Economic Explanation Economists explain rising inequality by Human Capital Theory and Trade Theory Globalization and technological development the primary causes Economic Explanation In advanced economies, globalization increases return to high level human capital and reduces return to low level human capital through trade with less developed labour-surplus economy. Technological change, especially in IT, increases return to skilled worker by increasing the demand. Sociological Explanation Saskia Sassen’s Global City Thesis Sociological Explanation Globalization led to the rise of global cities with dispersal of production and centralization of control. Global cities are command centres of the global economy with a high concentration of producer services (banking, advertising, accounting, law) controlling a dispersed network of production. Primary global cities: New York, London, Tokyo. Secondary global cities: Hong Kong, Singapore, Frankfurt, Sao Paulo, Chicago etc. Sociological Explanation Global city development leads to social polarization: “1) the growing inequality in the profit-making capacities of different economic sectors and in the earning capacities of different types of workers; 2) the polarization tendencies embedded in the organization of service industries and the casualization of the employment relation; and 3) the production of urban marginality, particularly as a result of new structural processes of economic growth rather than those producing marginality through abandonment.” (Sassen 1998: 137) Sociological Explanation Manufacturing generates a large number of middle-income jobs. Services typically consist of high income and low income employees with few in the middl