好想法是从na来 Ted演讲.docVIP

Just a few minutes ago, I took this picture about 10 blocks from here. This is the Grand Cafe here in Oxford. I took this picture because this turns out to be the first coffeehouse to open in England in 1650. Thats its great claim to fame. And I wanted to show it to you, not because I want to give you the kind of Starbucks tour of historic England, but rather because the English coffeehouse was crucial to the development and spread of one of the great intellectual flowerings of the last 500 years, what we now call the Enlightenment. And the coffeehouse played such a big role in the birth of the Enlightenment, in part, because of what people were drinking there. 就在几分钟前，我在离这里大约十条街的地方 拍了这张照片。 这是牛津这里的大咖啡馆。 我拍这张照片是因为它年代久远 始建于1650年，是英国第一个 咖啡馆 相当有名。 我想展示给你照片， 不是因为我想给你星巴克式的 英国历史回顾， 而是因为 在过去500年间， 英国咖啡馆对 所谓的启蒙运动 发展和传播 起到至关重要的作用。究其原因，部分是因为人在那里喝的东西。 　　 　　Because, before the spread of coffee and tea through British culture, what people drank -- both elite and mass folks drank -- day-in and day-out, from dawn until dusk was alcohol. Alcohol was the daytime beverage of choice. You would drink a little beer with breakfast and have a little wine at lunch, a little gin -- particularly around 1650 -- and top it off with a little beer and wine at the end of the day. That was the healthy choice, right, because the water wasnt safe to drink. And so, effectively, until the rise of the coffeehouse, you had an entire population that was effectively drunk all day. And you can imagine what that would be like, right, in your own life -- and I know this is true of some of you -- if you were drinking all day, and then you switched from a depressant to a stimulant in your life, you would have better ideas. You would be sharper and more alert. And so its not an accident that a great flowering of innovation happened as England switched to tea and coffee. 因为，在咖啡和茶在英国文化中 广泛传播前， 无论是精英与大众 每天从黎明到黄昏 人们喝的是酒 酒是白天的首选饮料。 在1650年左右，早餐你会喝一点啤酒，午餐喝一点葡萄酒， 晚上来一点杜松子酒， 并在这一天结束时喝啤酒和葡萄酒。 那时水是不能饮用的， 因此酒是健康的选择。 基本上，