年产8万吨合成氨合成工工艺设计本科毕业设计.doc

毕业设计 年产8万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计 前 言 年产8万吨合成氨合成工段工艺设计 摘要合成氨生产任务设计决定了生产合成氨的规模，设备的要求以及工艺流程的状况。本设计所采用的方法是半水煤气合成法，其主要原料是煤和氮气，利用煤来生成氢气，而本设计主要是对合成塔工段的设计，故所用原料直接采用氮气和氢气，其以合成塔为主要设备，在氨冷器、水冷器、气—气交换器、循环机、分离器、冷凝塔等辅助设备的作用下，以四氧化三铁为触媒，在485—500的高温条件下来制得氨气。本设计要求要掌握合成塔的工作原理，生产的工艺路线，并能根据工艺指标进行操作计算。在工艺计算过程中，包含物料衡算，热量衡算及设备选型计算等。生产的氨的用途和产生的三废在本设计也有所提到，在合成效率方面也有进一步研究。 [关键词]： 半水煤气合成法 合成塔 催化剂 The year produces 80,000 tons to synthesize an ammonia to synthesize a work segment a technological design Name of stendent: Abstract The mission design of synthesizing the ammonia production comes to a decision production to synthesize ammoniac scale, the request of the equip.ments and the condition of the craft process. The method that this design adopts is half water coal gas to synthesize a method, it the main raw material is coal and nitrogen spirit, making use of coal future life hydrogen, but this design mainly is adopt nitrogen spirit and hydrogen towards synthesizing tower work a segment of designing, pastly the raw material used directly, it with synthesize tower for main equip.ments, in the ammonia cold machine, water cold machine, annoy-spirit exchanger, circulation machine, separate machine, congealed tower etc. assistance equip.ments of function under, with four oxidize three irons for accelerant , at 485-500℃ heat conditions come down make ammonia spirit. This design requests and control work principle of synthesizing the tower, produce of craft route, and can carry on an operation calculation according to the craft index sign. Include material balance in the craft the calculation the process, heat balance and the equip.ments choose a calculation etc.. The use of the ammonia produced and output of three discard in this design to also have to speak of, Be synthesizing an efficiency to also have a further research. [keywords]: semiwater gas synthesize method synthetic tower 第一章 总 论 1.1 概述 氨是一种重要的含氮化合1.2 氨的性质 1.2.1 氨的物理性质 氨在常温下是无色气体，比空气轻，具有刺激性臭味，能刺激人体感官粘膜空气中，含氨大于0.01％时即会引起人体慢性中毒。