年产25万吨二甲醚的精馏系统及二醚精馏塔设计_毕业设计.doc

年产25万吨二甲醚的精馏系统及二甲醚精馏塔设计 摘要作为LPG和石油类的替代燃料，目前二甲醚(DME)倍受注目。DME是具有与LPG的物理性质相类似的化学品，在燃烧时不会产生破坏环境的气体，能便宜而大量地生产。与甲烷一样，被期望成为21世纪的能源之一。目前生产的二甲醚基本上由甲醇脱水制得，即先合成甲醇，然后经甲醇脱水制成二甲醚。甲醇脱水制二甲醚分为液相法和气相法两种工艺，本设计采用气相法制备二甲醚工艺。将甲醇加热蒸发，甲醇蒸气通过γ-AL2O3催化剂床层,气相甲醇脱水制得二甲醚。气相法的工艺过程主要由甲醇加热、蒸发、甲醇脱水、二甲醚冷凝及精馏等组成。主要完成以下工作： 全过程的物料及能量衡算； 通过对ASPENPLUS的学习对精馏系统进行模拟； 3）二甲醚精馏塔的选型设计计算； 4）二甲醚精馏塔选型的校核； 5）通过对塔的设计计算，利用CAD绘制出PID图、PFD图、设备图以及车间布置图。 关键词二甲醚，甲醇，工艺设计，二甲醚精馏精馏塔设计 Abstract As LPG and oil alternative fuel, DME has drawn attentions at present. Physical properties of DME is similar for LPG, and don’t produce combustion gas to damage the environment, so, It can be produced largely. Like methane, DME is expected to become 21st century energy sources., DME is prepared by methanol dehydration, namely, synthetic methanol first and then methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby methanol dehydration. Methanol dehydration to DME is divided into two kinds of liquid phase and gas-phase process. This design uses a process gas of dimethyl ether prepared by dimethyl. Heating methanol to evaporation, methanol vapor through the γ-AL 2O3 catalyst bed, vapor methanol dehydration to dimethyl etherby. ?This process is made of methanol process heating, evaporation, dehydration of methanol, dimethyl ether condensation and distillation etc. Completed for the following work: The whole process of the material and energy balance calculation; The distillation system is simulated through the study of ASPENPLUS 3) Calculation and selection of design DME distillation column; 4) Check selection DME distillation column; 5) Through the calculation of design of the tower, using CAD to draw PID chart, PFD chart, equipment and workshop layout. Key words: DME, methanol, Process Design, Design of DME fractionating tower 目录 第1章 文献综述 1 1.1 二甲醚的现状 1 1.1.1 甲醚的市场分析 1 1.1.2 二甲醚行业面临的考验 1 1.2 二甲醚生产技术 2 1.2.1 合成气一步法 2 1.2.2 两步法生产技术 3 1.2.3 二甲醚生产工艺的比较 4 1.3 甲醇气相法制取二甲醚 4 1.3.1 甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚过程热力学分析 4 1.3.2甲醇气相脱水制二甲醚宏观动力学研究 9 1.4 甲醇气相脱水