2012年MA英语阅读讲义.doc

Unit 1 　 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity ？ There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity？The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them. 21.Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is NOT true ？ 　　A. To make jobs more varied 　　B. To give the workers freedom to do their jobs in their own way. 　　C. Degree of worker contribution. 　　D. Demands of longer working hours. 22. Why do workers want more money ？ 　A. Because their jobs are too boring.B. In order to enjoy more spare timeC. To make their jobs more interestingD. To demand shorter working hours. 2