如何提高GPS在工程测量应用中精度.doc

本科毕业设计（论文） 题目 如何提高GPS在工程测应用 应用中的精度 学生姓名 学　号 0915060111 教学院系 土木工程与建筑学院 专业年级 测绘工程2010级 指导教师 职　称 副教授 单　　位 辅导教师 职 称 单　　位 完成日期 2014 年 6 月 12 日 How to improve the precision of GPS in the application of Engineering Surveying 摘 要 GPS定位技术作为一项20世纪的高新技术，已经广泛应用于轮船、飞机以及汽车 的导航定位。由于GPS测量有传统测量不可取代的优点，使GPS测量在工程测量中的地位日益重要，相关的技术知识也发展很快。随着GPS接收机的改进，GPS定位技术，DGPS差分定位技术和RTK实时差分定位技术的发展，并且满足动态、快速、高精度定位的需要，使GPS在陆地导航、各类控制网建立、精密工程测量、施工放样等方面推广应用。随着GPS定位技术的不断发展及其在测量中日益深入广泛的应用,对其测量精度的要求越来越高。 本文首先分析了研究意义及发展现状，介绍了GPS的系统组成与测量原理。在分析各种测量方法的同时，指出它们的优缺点和适用情况，使用范围。然后分析了各种来源误差、起算点、布网方法、观测时间对GPS观测精度的影响，针对各种误差，提出了相应的减弱或消除方法，并结合工程实例，重点讨论了起算点对高程精度的影响，分析总结出可供工程实践参考的结论。最后分析讨论了RTK测量的精度影响因素，指出一些对提高精度有用的方法，并对提高GPS在工程测量应用中的精度提出了进一步深入研究的建议。 关键词：GPS测量精度；影响因素；误差；起算点 ABSTRACT High tech GPS as a kind of positioning technology of twentieth Century , has been widely used in ships, aircraft and vehicles’ navigation and positioning. Because of the advantages of the traditional measurement can’t be replaced by the GPS measurement, the measurement of GPS in the project measurement is becoming more and more important, the technical knowledge relevant also develops very quickly. With the improvement of GPS receivers,GPS positioning technology, the development of differential DGPS positioning technology and RTK real-time differential positioning technology, and meeting the dynamic, fast, high precision positioning,GPS is highly popularized and applied in land navigation, all kinds of control network establishment, precise engineering surveying, construction layout etc. With the continuous development of GPS technology and its application in the measurement being widely used, the measuring accuracy is increasingly demanded. This paper first analyzes the status quo and development research, introduces the GPS system composition and measurement principle. In the analysis of the various methods of measuring, the thesis points out their advantages and disadvantages as well as the applicable conditions,