Unit11汉英.ppt

Unit 11 英汉语言对比II 5. 汉英句子结构比较 汉语： “板块型” 或 “竹节型” 汉语句子往往是句子较短,结构紧凑,好似“万倾碧波层层推进” “左分支” 结构 (left-branching) “后重心”：重要信息放在后面。 “狮子头”（头大尾小） 英语: “多枝共干型” 或“葡萄串型” 英语句子如“老树参天, 枝杈横生”, 句子长, 插入成分多, 形成复杂嵌套结构. “右分支” 结构 (right-branching ) “前重心”：主要信息放在主句中，放在句首。前重后轻。 “孔雀尾”：头小尾大 句子扩展模式 汉语：逆线性延伸 首开放性 (open-beginning) 尾封闭性(close-ending) 英语：顺线性延伸 首封闭性 (close-beginning) 尾开放性 (open-ending) 句首开放性（左分支） 对。 不对。 他不对。 我认为他不对。 我告诉过你我认为他不对。 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 句尾开放性（右分支） He is reading. He is reading a book. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library which has just opened. 前重心与后重心 英语句子和汉语句子的重心一般都落在结果、结论、假设或事实上； 但是重心的位置不同：英语句子一般是前重心；汉语句子一般是后重心。 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 揭穿这种老八股，老教条的丑态给人民看，号召人民起来反对老八股，老教条，这就是五四运动时期的一个极大的功绩。 A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its public exposure of the ugliness of old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.  小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。 The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only th