高尔夫球场规划设计 Golf Course Planning Design.ppt

Southeast and midwest are low. Hawaii and Nevada are high. Water is used mainly to irrigate greens and tees, but fairways receive a considerable amount of irrigation as well. Golf course community has always been concerned with water quality and abundance . The golf industry has tried to decrease water usage and rely less heavily upon potable irrigation sources. Easy to criticize due to highly visible nature. Water is used mainly to irrigate greens and tees, but fairways receive a considerable amount of irrigation as well. Golf course community has always been concerned with water quality and abundance . The golf industry has tried to decrease water usage and rely less heavily upon potable irrigation sources. Easy to criticize due to highly visible nature. Specifically, hybrid cultivars of buffalograss have been developed by the University of Nebraska. These cultivars are being used on golf course fairways and roughs in many parts of the Midwest. Oklahoma State University has been genetically engineering heartier breeds of bermudagrass that are cold-tolerant and require less water. These hybrid bermudagrass species are being used in transition zones of golf courses. Some courses employing these hybrids have found water savings to be between 30% and 50%. Finally horticulturists at the University of Georgia have developed new cultivars of seashore paspalum that can withstand being watered with water directly from the ocean. Other cultivars are less halo-tolerant but can be watered with brackish waters. USGA has also been working with the Center for Irrigation Technology, located at Cal State University at Fresno, to improve irrigation system technology. New developments have included modifications to sprinkler head design, nozzle selection, head spacing, pipe size and pressure selection. The SCGA Members Club in Murrieta, California recently installed a state-of-the-art irrigation system and has reported a 35% decrease in water usage. As defined by the USGA best