唐朝契苾家族研究.pdf

摘 要 唐朝是继魏晋以来民族大融合之后建立起来的空前统一的多民族帝国，这与 唐廷历代宽松的民族政策，及数以万计的蕃兵蕃将生死捍卫不无关系。作为初唐 蕃将的杰出代表——契苾何力，其自贞观年间携部内附后，家族先后七代人为唐 朝政治、军事的巩固与发展做出了重要贡献。尤其是契苾何力、契苾明、契苾嵩 子孙三代都为唐代前期疆域的开拓立下了汗马功劳。自家族第四代人契苾承明长 流藤州之后，贺兰都督一职易于他人，但契苾家族另一支系中，契苾光之孙契苾 嘉宾继续承袭着家族的武将特性，依然以捍卫唐王朝的领土为己任。安史之乱后， 第五代人契苾漪携部落北迁回纥，大和六年（832）又携子契苾通内附于振武附 近的胜州，契苾通因宣谕突厥及详备边事之功，终至振武节度营田等使，主导代 北军事。契苾通去世之后，诸子皆供职于代北行营。契苾家族由河西迁至代北， 以及多与武将家族联姻，这实为其维系生存与发展的外部原因；该家族之所以有 其起伏兴衰的特征，主要在于唐廷前后民族政策的变迁与汉化受阻等诸多深层问 题。 本文结合出土墓志与传统文献，对该家族的族源、世系及迁徙过程进行全面 整理，并在此基础上深入分析它的发展情况，着重对其家族成员的为官经历、婚 姻状况、活动地域等三个方面作细微探讨。在明确了该家族发展特征之后，重点 探讨它的兴衰问题与唐代政局的关系，企图通过贞观至开元的契苾家族、唐朝夷 夏政策之变迁、安史之乱与契苾氏家族的关系、代北契苾与沙陀权力之消长等四 个方面的分析，得出这样的结论——契苾家族的起伏兴衰实为唐朝政局变迁的一 个缩影。 关键词：唐代；契苾氏；家族 I Abstract Tang Dynasty is an unparalleled uniform multinational empire which was set up after major national amalgamated in Wei and Jin Dynasties. This is related with the loose national policies as well as thousands of the minority soldiers and generals’ do in battles bravely and selfless. As the excellent representative in the early days in Tang Dynasty, QiBi HeLi and seven generations after him in his family made great contributions to Tang Dynasty’ polity, and to the foundation and development of military affairs from he took along his followings to come over and pledge allegiance during the period of Zhenguan. Especially, the three generations of QiBi HeLi, QiBi Ming and QiBi Song made the great contributions in the aspect of exploiting the territory in the prophase of Tang Dynasty. General HeLan was substituted by other persons since the fourth generation QiBi ChengMing stayed in Tengzhou a long time. But in the other branches of QiBi family, QiBi JiaBin, the grandson of QiBi Guang, kept on inheriting the family’