古罗马沐浴文化研究.pdf

内容提要 本文的目的在于较为系统地考察古代罗马的洗浴 作为古罗马人特别喜爱的 一种生活方式 洗浴对罗马共和国和罗马帝国的社会 政治 经济与文化都产生 了深刻的影响 对它的研究有助于我们从更深的层次上把握和理解古罗马的社会 特征以及罗马帝国衰落的原因 本文首先考察罗马共和前期浴池和人们洗浴方式的特点 强调这一阶段罗马 人浴池建造的简陋和洗浴方式的简朴是当时特定历史条件的产物 而后 本文着 重介绍了罗马共和末期至帝国时期浴池和人们洗浴方式的变化 认为大规模豪华 浴场的建造 洗浴受到各个阶层罗马人的喜爱 人们洗浴过程的繁琐与奢侈是这 一时期的主要特征 接着 本文分析了这一变化的原因 指出财富的大量涌入和 奴隶制的发展是促使这种变化的内在根本原因 而东方文化的传播以及外来威胁 的解除是其外部因素 最后 本文对这一变化的影响进行了探讨 指出它一方面 是罗马人文明程度提高的一种标志 它在提高罗马人的身体素质的同时 也促进 了当时罗马社会科学与技术的发展 另外一方面 这种变化对社会财富造成了巨 大的浪费 加速了当时罗马社会的道德滑坡 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to systematically probe into the history of bath in the ancient Rome. As one of the Roman favorite lifestyles, bath has a profound effect on the society, economics, and culture of the Roman republic and the Roman Empire. The study of it can help us to have a further understanding of the social characteristics of the ancient Rome and the decay of the Rome Empire. Firstly, this paper tends to investigate the characteristics of the piscinas and peoples way of bathing in the early Rome Republic, pointing out that the simplicity of the Roman piscinas and way of bathing in this period attribute to the specific historic conditions at that time. Secondly, this paper puts an emphasis on the changes of the Roman piscinas and way of bathing from the late Roman Republic to the Roman Empire, indicating that the main characteristics of this period is that the construction of large-scale and luxurious bathhouses were quite popular with various strata in Roman society and the process of bathing was quite cockamamie and luxurious. Later, this paper, based on the analysis of the reason of this change, points out that the inburst of abundant wealth and the development of slavery is the internal ultimate cause of t