南京教案与明末儒佛耶之争——汗青与文献.pdf

摘要 万历四十四年 (1616)南京礼部侍郎沈l崔发起的反对天主教运动，被称为 “南京教案”。利玛窦的 “补儒易佛”传教策略引起儒佛耶之间的早期争论，但 他通过学术交流的传教方式把争端限制在学术范围之内。龙华民主持中国教务 后，鼓励王丰肃在南京扩大传教规模，儒佛耶之争迅速激化，最终导致南京教案 爆发。 南京教案发生后，教徒被捕，教堂被封，传教士在经过审讯之后被遣送澳门。 天主教在华传教事业遭受重大挫折，儒佛人士对天主教展开更为深入全面的批 判，明末儒佛耶之争进一步深化。普通民众、反教士绅、护教人士、万历皇帝对 南京教案的不同反应，显示出儒佛耶之争贯穿于南京教案的始终，南京教案是儒 佛力量联合起来反对天主教的结果。 有关南京教案的史料主要保存在 圣《朝破邪集》中，本文最后部分通过对该 书的作者、版本与内容的考察，指出它在南京教案的研究中具有重要文献价值。 关键词:南京教案 明末儒佛耶之争 《圣朝破邪集》 Abstract Themovementofanti-CatholicismsponsoredbyShenChuehin1616was calledtheNankingPersecution.MathieuRicciadoptedthemeansofremedy ConfucianismandreplaceBuddhisminhisactivityofspreadingCatholicism.This meansarousedargumentsamongtheConfucianism,theBuddhism andthe Catholicism.Buthelimittheargumentstothesphereoflearningbyculturalexchange. NicolasLongobardiencourageAlphonseVagnonitoexpandthescaleofspreading CatholicisminNankingafterhetookchargeoftheChinesechurch.Theradical activityintensifiedtheargumentimmediatelyandvausedtheNankingPersecutionat last. InthisPersecution,manycatholicswerearrested,thechurcheswerecloseddown, themissionariesweresentbacktoMacao-ThecauseofspreadingCatholicismin ChinawasdestroyedseriouslyforthePersecution.AlotofConfucianscholarsand BuddhistmonkscriticizedtheCatholicism andtheargumentsamongthe Confucianism,theBuddhismandtheCatholicismbecamemoreandmoredeep.The commonpeople,theliteratiandofficialdomofanti-Catholicism,thepersonageof protectingCatholicismandWanli,EmperoroftheMingDynasty,haddifferent responsreforthePersecutionwhichillustratedthattheargumentexistedinthe Persecutionrfomthebeginningtotheend.SotheNankingPersecutionwastheresult thattheConfucianunitedtheBuddhisttoagainstCatholicism. ThehistoricaldataoftheNankingPersecutionwerepreservedinthe ShengChaoPoXieJimainly.Throughananalysisofitsauthors,editionsandthe contentinthelastchapter,thisthesispointsoutthatthisbookisofgreatdocumentary valuefortheh