基于广义收益成本分析的区域农村面源污染治理策略研究.doc

基于广义收益-成本分析的区域农村面源污染治理策略研究  5 10 （南京农业大学公共管理学院，南京 210095） 摘要：农村面源污染总量大、类型多、分布广，是当前水环境管理的重点之一。由于污染排 放、治理需求和能力的地区差异大，科学选择管理目标和路径对于有效推进农村面源污染治 理十分重要。本文统筹考虑污染治理的环境效益与经济收益、技术成本与交易费用，构建了 面向区域的农村面源污染治理策略分析思路与方法。以宜兴为典型的太湖地区，近期应优先 治理技术可行、管理支撑能力较好的规模化畜禽养殖和种植业面源污染，远期随着技术进步 和政府管理能力提升，逐步加强分散养殖和农村生活污水治理。有关规划近期污染治理重点 不够集中，管理目标过于乐观，应进行适当调整。 关键词：农村面源污染；广义收益；技术成本；交易费用；管理策略 中图分类号：X321 15 Strategy study for rural non-point source pollution control based on general benefit-cost analysis JIANGH Hai, YANG Shanshan, FENG Shuyi, QU Futian College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, NanJing 210095 20 25 30 35 40 Abstract: Rural non-point source pollution is an emerging key part of water pollution control and characterized for its magnitude, diversity and universality. Choice of management objectives and enforcement route is essential for effective pollution control especially when regions are different in pollution quantity, environmental demand and management capability. A framework and method of strategy analysis is constructed with consideration of environmental benefits and direct economic benefits, technical costs and transaction costs of pollution control. For areas as Yixing County in Tai lake basin, pollution from scale livestock and crop production should be treated prior to that from scattered livestock production and rural sewage due to relative advantages in technical feasibility and governmental capacity. Some rural non-point source pollution control plans are faced with challenges that missions in the short run are less focused and overly optimistic. Keywords: rural non-point source pollution; general benefit; technical cost; transaction cost; management strategy 0 引言 相对于城镇和工业点源污染，农村面源污染具有源头分散、随机性强、责任主体难识别 等特征，治理成本高，管理难度大。[1]在城乡二元体制下，农村面源污染治理投入严重不足。 随着河湖富营养化加剧并影响到区域供水安全，农村面源污染治理逐步提上日程。农村面源 污染总量大、范围广、类型复杂，且不同地区污染状况与外部环境差异大，如何从地区水环 境污染现状与治理需求出发，综合考虑资金投入、技术水平、管理能力，科学制定治理策略 对于切实稳步推进农村面源污染治理十分重要。关于农村面源污染的研究主要集中于污染总 量评价、污染发生机制等方