图外一谈谐波(秦运雯 马志溪).doc

图外一谈谐波 秦运雯 1 马誌溪2 四川中鑫电力设计有限公司 泉州信息职业技术学院 四川610000 （该论文由杂志社征稿平台 期刊VIP 推荐发表，期刊发表尽在） 摘要: “图外三谈谐波”共三文：“一谈”为“概述”、“二谈”为“治理措施”、“三谈”为“讨论及建议”，总体给出谐波的整体轮廓及综合治理的理念。本文系首篇，首先从概念、度量及限值三方面奠定讨论谐波的基础；接着从三方面分析了谐波的产生；最后介绍谐波的四方面危害。 此“图外三谈谐波”为继“图外谈照明”、“图外再谈照明”的姊妹篇，亦系沉思指导实践环节教学，以“图外谈设计”形式，倡“弹指CAD，勿忘据理论”的工程观。 关键词 :电磁兼容; 谐波抑制;无功功率补偿; 功率因数;电能质量 Abstract :There are three articles of discussion about harmonics without drawing: For the “first” article refers to “general overview”, for the “second” refers to “control measures” and for the “third” refers to “discussion and suggestion”, which totally endows philosophy upon overall outline and comprehensive treatment of harmonics. This article refers to the fourth section, it firstly lays the foundations for concept and measurement as well as limit of the basis for harmonics discussion, and then it analyzes generation of harmonics in the third aspect; finally introduces harm of harmonics. This discussion about harmonics without drawing” is the sister section in succession of “discussion about lighting without drawing” and “re-discussion about lighting without drawing”, which is also the thinking teaching of instruction and practice. In form of “discussion designed without drawing”, the engineering concept of “advocating both CAD and theory” prevail. Key words :Electromagnetic compatibility, harmonic suppression, reactive power compensation, power factor, quality of electric energy 中图分类号： R187+.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号： 1、基础 1.1 “谐波”与“电磁兼容” 理想的电力系统以单一、恒定的频率(我国为50HZ)与稳定幅值的正弦波电压供电。但电力系统中大量的非线形负荷使电压波形发生畸变，畸变后的非工频正弦波形按傅立叶级数分解为50HZ及其更高次的各频率正弦波交流分量之和。50HZ的正弦波为基波，其它频率均为基波频率的整数倍，称为高次谐波。电能质量中的难点---波形质量就以正弦电压的波形畸变程度来衡量，而波形的畸变则是用谐波的多少来表达。 “电磁兼容性”国家标准定义为：“设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作，且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力”。此“电磁骚扰”即“电磁干扰”，主要指“谐波污染”，就是波形畸变的非需要的高次谐波相对需要的基波的干扰。所以提高“电磁兼容性”，即减小谐波的污染程度，就是“谐波治理”。 1.2 谐波的度量 按GB/T14549-1993《电能质量 公用电网谐波》规定，供配电系统中高次谐波的严重程度，通常用单次谐波含有率和总谐波畸变率表示： 1.2.1 第h次谐波电压含有量HRUh和第h次谐波电流含有率HRIh 按下式计算： HRUh=Uh/U1 ×100 %