第一章全部教案.doc

CHAPTER 1 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) 1.1 GMDSS Overview 1.1.1 General 92年以前， 使用morse技术， 船舶上只有一名经过特殊培训的电报员可以胜任， 具有较大的局限性。 70年代， 第11次IMO （International Maritime Organization）大会， 考虑到技术水平的允许， 决定建立新的全球海上安全系统（GMDSS）。 88年11月， 有关的海上人命安全的“74 SOLAS公约”缔约国大会批准“74 SOLAS公约88修正案”。 基本概念： 岸上（shore based） 当局及遇难船附近的船舶迅速接警， 并且尽快提供救援。发挥了岸上机构的积极作用。 适用的船舶：从事国际航行的一切客轮 ≥300总吨的货轮 注：北美五大湖及其东到加拿大魁北克蒙特利尔的圣拉姆特船闸下游出口处为止的相连水域及其支流内的船舶除外。 3.GMDSS的组成： A B C INMARSAT M 卫星系统 (satellite ) F E D/D+ GMDSS COSPAS-SARSAT（EPIRB） VHF MF/HF 地面系统 NAVTEX SART (Search And Rescue Transponder) GMDSS was introduced to provide a comprehensive communication system available for use for distress and search and rescue (SAR) operations. GMDSS is an enhanced Search And Rescue (SAR) system using automatic and advanced satellite and MF/HF/VHF radio communication technology. The system is a combination of: Satellite communications; MF/HF/VHF Radiotelephony; Radiotelex (Direct Printing Telegraphy); Search And Rescue Radar Transponders (SARTs); Satellite EPIRBs; Data transmission; and Digital Selective Calling (DSC). 1.1.2 GMDSS Functions 基本功能 The concept of GMDSS lays down（支持） nine specific functions which all ships need to be able to perform irrespective of which sea area they will be operating in. These functions are: Transmitting ship to shore distress alerts (by at least two separate and independent methods, each using a different radio communication service); 独立的设备、独立的业务中进行报警 Transmitting and receiving ship to ship distress alerts; 收发船对船的报警 Receiving shore to ship distress alerts; 接收岸对船的报警 Transmitting and rec