国外心理学史2课件10.ppt

History of Psychology Chapter 10 Behaviorism: The Beginnings I. John B. Watson (1878-1958) A. Watson’s life 1. Rebel personality 2. Mother: wishes him to be a minister Father: drank heavily John B. Watson (1878-1958) 3. 1900: U. of Chicago a. studied philosophy with Dewey b. attracted to psychology through work with Angell c. studied biology and physiology with Loeb d. 1903: youngest Ph.D. from Chicago (at his age of 25) John B. Watson (1878-1958) 4. Dissertation on “neurological and psychological maturation of the white rat” 5. 1903-1908: faculty at U. of Chicago 6. 1908: to John Hopkins U. a. 1909: chair of the psychology department b. 1909: editor of Psychological Review John B. Watson (1878-1958) 7. 1913: published his article on the Psychological Review; Behaviorism was officially launched 8. 1914: book: Behavior: An Introduction to Comparative Psychology a. argued for acceptance of animal psychology b. described advantages of animal subjects John B. Watson (1878-1958) 9. 1919: Psychology from the Standpoint of a Behaviorist a. argued methods and principles of animal research appropriate for study of humans 10. 1920: forced to resign from Johns Hopkins John B. Watson (1878-1958) 11. second career: applied psychology in advertising a. mechanistic view of humans: Consumers’ behavior could be predicted and controlled b. proposed experimental (lab) study of consumer behavior 12. publicity for psychology in the popular media John B. Watson (1878-1958) 13. 1925: Behaviorism 14. 1928: Psychological Care of the Infant and Child a. focus on environmental factors b. recommended perfect objectivity in child-rearing practices c. had the greatest impact of all his work John B. Watson (1878-1958) 15. 1935: his wife died; he moved to a farmhouse 16. burned all of his papers prior to his death II. The Reaction to Watson’s Program A. His major points 1. Psychology is the science of behavior 2. a purely objective experimental natural