强调句(详解).doc

英语中的强调结构是 “ It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that 分句”。这种结构主要用于强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等。有时被强调的主语或宾语被一个定语从句修饰，这时要注意强调句中的that/who 以及修饰先行词的定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词，有时还可强调从句、介词短语和动名词短语等。强调句不但可以是肯定句、否定句，还可以是疑问句，由于强调句形式变化多样，给英语教学带来了一定的困难，有时分不清究竟是强调句呢，还是it 作形式主语的主语从句或其它句式。为了能掌握强调句的各种变化形式，现举例分析如下： He happened to meet his friend in this street yesterday.→ (1) It was he who/that happened to meet his friend in the street yesterday.（强调主语） (2) It was his friend whom/that he happened to meet in the street yesterday. （强调宾语） (3) It was in the street that he happened to meet his friend.（强调地点状语） (4) It was yesterday that he happened to meet his friend in the street. （强调时间状语） 从以上的(1)句看出强调主语指人时，可用who或that, (2)句强调宾语指人时，可用whom或that,但指物时只能用that。例如（5）（6）句： This book is very instructive. → (5) It is this book that is very instructive.（只能用that） He wants to borrow a book from the library. → (6) It is a book that he wants to borrow from the library. (3) 句强调地点状语，用强调句中的that，可别误认为是定语从句，用关系副词where; (4) 句强调时间状语，也可别误认为是定语从句，用关系副词when。 同时，被强调的主语或宾语还可被一个定语从句修饰。注意强调句中的that和定语从句中的关系词。例如： The house where he lives is very old. → (7) It is the house where he lives that is very old. He picked up a wallet in which there was a lot of money. → (8) It was a wallet in which there is a lot of money that he picked up. He found the necklace in the hotel where he lived. → (9) It was in the hotel where he lived that he found the necklace. 除此之外，还可强调主语从句、状语从句、介词短语、动名词短语等。例如： What he said disappointed me. （强调主语从句） → (10) It was what he said that disappointed me. He didn’t believe what others told him. （强调宾语从句）→ (11) It was what others told him that he didn’t believe. I began to appreciate their beauty only when I reread his poems recently.（强调时间状语从句） → (12) It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. He didn’t come to school because he was ill. （强调原因状语从句）→ (13) It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school. The mountain climber was rescued only with the help of the local guide. （强调介词短语）→ (1